klhÀ¯nXz ]T\w
{]iv\ ]cnlmc¯n\mtbm Hcp tPmenbpsS ]qÀ¯nIcW¯nt\m, Hcp¸¶w \nÀ½n¡p¶Xn\mtbm kwL§fmbn ]TnXm¡Ä Hcpan¨v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶ Hcp ]T\ t_m[\coXnbmW klhÀ¯nXz ]T\w.]T\sa¶Xv {]IrXnbnepÅ Hcp kmaqly{]hÀ¯\amsW¶pw AXn\mbn ]¦mfnIÄ ]ckv]c hn\nabw \S¯psa¶pw Cu Bibhn\nab¯neqsS ]T\w \Sv¡psa¶mvvvvvvvvvvvWvklhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯nsâ ASnkvYm\ XXzw.
klhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯nsâ ASnkvYm\w
klhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯nvvvvvvvvv\v Hcp]mSv coXnIfpv .ChbpsSsbms¡ s]mXpXXz§Ä Xmsg ]dbp¶p.
1. ]TnXm¡Ä Adnhv kzmioIcn¡pIbpw Ah X§fpsS ap¶dnhpIfpambn _Ôs¸Sp¯pIbpw sN¿p¶ k{Inbamb {]{InbbmvvvWv ]T\w
2.]T\w hkvXp¡fpsS HmÀ¯phíen\pw AhbpsS NÀ±nbpaÃmsX Adnhnsâ cq]s¸Sp¯epw ka\zbhpw kl]TnXm¡sf kPohamb ]¦mfnIfm¡pIbpw sN¿m\pÅ Hcp shÃphnfnbmbn A\p`hs¸SWw
3.hyXykvX ]Ým¯ehpw hyXykvX ImgvN¸mSpIfpapÅ BfpIfpambpÅ kwkÀ¤w ]TnXm¡Ä¡v KpWIcamWv
4.]TnXm¡Ä X½nepÅ Bibhn\nabw \S¡p¶ kmaqlym´co£w ]T\s¯ kar²am¡p¶p.
5.hyXykvX ho£W§Ä {ihn¡p¶Xv sImv klhÀ¯nXz ]T\m´co£¯n ]TnXm¡Ä kmaqlyambpw shÃphnfn¡s¸Sp¶p.]TnXm¡Ä X§fpsS Bib§Ä hniZoIcn¡pIbpw kvYm]n¡pIbpw thWw .CXn\mbn AhÀ X§fptSXmb Bib]camb N«¡qSv \nÀ½n¡p¶p.
klhÀ¯nXz ]T\m´co£¯n ]TnXm¡Ä¡v kl]TnXmhpambn Bibhn\nab¯n\pw kw hmZ¯n\pw Bib§Ä kvYm]n¡p¶Xn\pw hyXykvX hnizmk§Ä hn\nabw sN¿p¶Xn\pw A§s\ k{Inbambncn¡m\pw kmlNcysamcp¡p¶p.
klhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯nsâ {]tXyIXIÄ
klhÀ¯nXzm[njvTnX ¢mkv apdnIÄ¡v {][m\ambpw \me {]tXyIXIfmW .cv {]tXyIXIÄ A[ym]nIbpw ]TnXmhpw X½nepÅ _Ô¯nemW .aq¶mas¯ {]tXyIX A[ym]nIbpsZ \ho\amb t_m[\coXnbpw \memas¯ {]tXyIX ¢mkv apdnbne klhÀ¯nXzamW
1.A[ym]nIbpw ]TnXmhpw X½nepÅ Adnhnsâ ]¦phíÂ
klhÀ¯nXzm[njvTnX ¢mkv apdn Adnhnsâ ]¦phíemW.A[ym]nI ]mT`mKs¯Ipdn¨pÅ AKm[amb Adnhpw tijnbpw ]TnXmhn\ \ÂIp¶p.F¶m klhÀ¯nX ]T\¯n A[ym]nI
2.A[ym]nIbpw ]TnXmhpw X½nepff A[nImcw ]¦phíÂ
klhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯n A[ym]nI hnimeamb ]T\ Nv«¡q«n \n¶v kv]ãamb Dt±iye£y§Ä cq]s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw X§fpsS Xmåcy§Ä¡pw e£y§Ä¡pw A\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯\§fpw tPmenIfpw sXcsªSp¡p¶Xn\pw ]T\w hnebncp¯p¶Xn\pw ]TnXm¡sf t{]mÕmln]n¡p¶p.A[ym]nI ]TnXm¡sf X§vfpsS Adnhv {]tbmKn¡m\pw ,Adnhpw ]T\ X{´§fpw ]¦phím\pw,]ckv]cw _lpam\n¡m\pw t{]cn¸n¡pIbpw [mcWbpsS DbÀ¶Xew e£yam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.hyXykvX amb A`n{]mb§Ä tIÄ¡p¶Xn\pw Adnhns\ ]n´pWívIp¶Xn\pw ,sXfnhpIfpsZ ASnkvYm\¯n kvYm]n¡p¶Xn\pw ,hnaÀit\mßIXbpw krãn]chpamb Nn´\S¯p¶Xn\pw ,Xpd¶Xpw AÀYh¯mbXpw Bb NÀ¨IÄ \S¯p¶Xn\pw A[ym]nI ]TnXm¡sf klmbn¡p¶p.
3. A[ym]nI a[yhÀ¯n F¶ \nebnÂ
klhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯n Adnhpw D¯chmZnXzhpw ]¦phís¸SpIbpw A[ym]nI a[yhÀ¯nX ]T\s¯ t{]mÕmIn¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.hnPbIcamb a[yhÀ¯n {]hÀ¯\w ]pXnb AdnhpIÄ X§fpsS A\p`h§fpambpw aÁv taLeIfnse ]T\hpambpw _Ôs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw ZpÀLSkmlNcy§fn F´p sN¿Wsa¶v Xocpam\n¡p¶Xn\pw F§ns\ ]Tn¡Wsa¶v ]Tn¡p¶Xn\pw ]TnXm¡sf klmbn¡p¶p.a[yhÀ¯nIsf¶ \nebn \ÂIp¶ hnhc§fptSbpw ]n´pWbpw {IaoIcn¨psImv D¯chmZnXztasÁSp¡m\pÅ Ignhns\ hnimeam¡m³ A[ym]nIív Ignbp¶p
4.hn`n¶IgnhpIfpÅ kwLam¡Â
¢mkvapdnbnse ]T\w k¼pãam¡p¶Xn\ FÃm ]TnXm¡fptSbpw ho£W§fpw, A\p`h§fpw ]Ým¯ehpw {][m\amW. ¢mkvapdn¡¸pdt¯¡v ]T\w sImpt]mIp¶Xn\ hyXykvX ho£WtImWpIÄ a\Ênemt¡Xpw,]TnXm¡Ä¡v shhn[yamÀ¶ ]T\kµÀ`§Ä \ÂtIXpamW. klhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯n Hmtcmcp¯cpw Hmtcm ]TnXmhpw aÁpÅhcn \n¶pw ]Tn¡pIbpw FÃmhÀ¡pw X§fptSXmb kw`mh\ \ÂIp¶Xn\pw Ahkcw \ÂIpIbpw hneaXn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.
klhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯nsâ ]T\¯nsâ Hcp khntijamb {]tXyIX ]TnXm¡sf AhcpsS Ignthm, t\«tam, Xmåcytam A\pkcn¨v XcwXncn¡p¶nà F¶XmW .C§s\bpÅ XcwXncnhv klhÀ¯nXzs¯ ZpÀ_es¸Sp¯pIbpw ]TnXm¡Ä¡v aÁpÅhcn \n¶v ]Tn¡m\pÅ Ahkcw \ntj[n¡p¶Xv sImpXs¶ Imkvapdnbn ]cmPnX³ F¶v \mw hnfn¡p¶ Ip«n _p²nam\mb ]TnXmhn \n¶pw ]Tn¡pIbpw AXnepw {][m\ambn _p²nimenIÄ¡v X§fpsS icmicn kl]TnXm¡fn \n¶pw hfsc Gsd ]mT§Ä DÄs¡mÅpIbpw sN¿p¶p.
klhÀ¯nXz ¢mkvapdnbn A[ym]nIbpsS ]¦v.
1. kmlNcysamcp¡Â
kmlNcysamcp¡Â F¶Xv k¼pãamb ]cnkvYnXnbpw {]hÀ¯\§fpw krãn¡pIbpw klhÀ¯nXz {]hÀ¯\¯n\pw , {]iv\]cnlmc¯n\pw kmlNcysamcp¡pIbpw ]TnXm¡Ä¡v shhn[yamÀ¶ ]T\tKmenIÄ \ÂIp¶Xpw DÄs¸Sp¶p.
hyXykvXImgvN¸mSpIÄ AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xn\ ]TnXmhnsâ hoSpw kaqlhpambn _Ôs¸« kmwkvIcntImå¶§Ä D]tbmKn¨v Adnhv \nÀ½n¡p¶Xn\pw, hnhn[ ]T\{]hÀ¯\§Ä Bhnjv¡cn¡p¶Xn\pambn AhchcpsS ¢mkvapdnbnse hn`h§Ä Nn«s¸Spt¯XmW.AXpsImv Xs¶ klhÀ¯nXz ¢mkvapdnIÄ \ntXym]tbmK hkvXp¡Ä D]tbmKs¸Spt¯Xpw hyXykvX t{]mPÎpIfpw , {]hÀ¯\§fpw ]T\¯n\pw {]iv\ ]cnlmc¯n\pambn Dmbncn¡pw.
A[ym]nI ¢mkvapdnsb hyXykvXhpw AbªXpamb kmaqlyLS\bn {IaoIcn¡pIbpw AXphgn ]TnXm¡Ä¡nSbn Bibhn\nabpw klhÀ¯nXzhpw hÀ²n¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.shhn[yamÀ¶ ]T\{]hÀ¯\§Ä Bkq{XWw sN¿pIhgn A[ym]nI ]TnXm¡fpsS klhÀ¯nXzw hÀ²n¸n¡p¶p.C¯cw ]T\ {]hÀ¯\§Ä Xocpam\saSp¡Â, {]iv\w ]cnlcn¡Â XpS§nb DbÀ¶ Nn´ Bhiys¸Sp¶p Ch ]TnXm¡fpsS bYmÀY temIhpambpw kw`h§fpw kmlNcy§fpw _Ôs¸Sp¯pIbpw AhcpsS ImgvN¸mSpItfbpw A\p`h§tfbpw hnimeam¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.
2.amXrI
klhÀ¯nX ¢mkvapdnbn ]Tnt¡ ]mTs¯¡pÀ¨pÅ Nn´tbmsSm¸w, Bibhn\nabhpw klhÀ¯nXz ]T\hpw A[ym]nIbpsS amXrI ]TnXm¡Ä¡v ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp¶p.]mT`mKhpambn _Ôs¸« A[ym]nI imkv{Xob ]co£W§fn \n¶pw \nKa\§fnse¯nt¨cp¶ Nn´m{]{Inb hnhcn¡p¶tXm, Hcp J¬UnIbnse Bib§fpsS kw{KlWw ³ÂIpIbpw {]iv\]cnlmcw \nÀt±in¡p¶tXm amXrIbmbn \ÂImw.
3.]cnioeIÂ
]cnioe\w F¶Xv kqN\IÄ ³ÂIp¶tXm,^oUv _m¡v \ÂIp¶tXm , GsX¦nepw X{´w D]tbmKn¡m³ ]TnXm¡sf klmbn¡p¶tXm, GsX¦nepw X{´w D]tbmKn¡m³ ]TnXm¡sf klmbn¡p¶tXm BbXmW.]cnioe\¯nsâ {][m\XXzw Bhiyamb{Xam{Xw klmbw BhiyapÅ kab¯v ³ÂIpI F¶XmW.klmbw A[nIamhmt\m Ipdbmt\m ]mSnÃ.
klhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯n ]TnXmhnsâ ]¦v
]TnXm¡Ä¡v klhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯n {][m\ ]¦pv.]T\w XpS§p¶Xn\ ap¼v AhÀ ]T\e£y§Ä Xocpam\n¡pIbpw ]T\{]hÀ¯\§Ä Bkq{XWw sN¿pIbpw thWw.]T\kab¯v ]TnXm¡Ä Bkq{XWw sN¿pIbpw thWw.]T\kab¯v ]TnXm¡Ä Hcpan¨v X§fpsS e£yw t\Sp¶Xn\mbn {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw Ahsb hnebncp¯pIbpw thWw.]T\tijw ]TnXm¡Ä AhcpsS {]IS\s¯ hnebncp¯pIbpw `mhn{]hÀ¯\§Ä Bkq{XWw sN¿pIbpw sN¿p¶p.
1.e£yw Xocpam\n¡Â
]TnXm¡Ä ]ecoXnbn ]T\¯n\ X¿mdmhmw.Chbn GÁhpw {][m\w e£y\nÀ®bamW.Cu e£y \nÀ®bw ]T\¯n\p ap¼pw ]T\kab¯pw ]T\tijapÅ H«\h[nImcy§sf Xocpam\n¡p¶Xn\ klmbn¡p¶p.A[ym]IÀ ]T\e£y§Ä Xocpam\n¡p¶Xn\pw AhÀ ]TnXm¡Ä¡v e£y§Ä XncsªSp¡m\pÅ Ahkcw \ÂIp¶p.
2.]T\{]hÀ¯\§Ä cq]oIcn¡Â
X§fpsS ]T\{]hÀ¯\§Ä Bkq{XWw sN¿p¶XnÂklhÀ¯nXz ]T\¯n ]TnXm¡Ä¡v henb ]¦mWpÅXv.X§fpsS e£y§Ä
t\Sm\pw ,X§fpsS tijnbpw AdnhpIfpw X{´§fpw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯m\pambn ]TnXm¡Ä¡v Hcpan¨v {]hÀ¯n¡m³ Ignbp¶ hn[¯n A[ym]nI Xsâ Bkq{XWw \S¯p¶p.
kzbw \nb{´nX ]T\w klhÀ¯nXz ¢mkvapdnbn {][m\amW.hnebncp¯p¶Xn\pw \o¡pt]m¡pIÄ hcp¯p¶Xn\pw , kzbw tNmZyw sN¿p¶Xn\pw aÁpÅhsc tNmZyw sN¿p¶Xn\pw ]TnXm¡Ä Ahbw D¯chmZnXztasÁSp¡p¶p.
3.aqey\n˨bw
kzbw hnebncp¯Â ]T\e£y¯nte¡pÅ HcmfpsS ]ptcmKXn \nco£n¡p¶Xpambn hfsc _Ôs¸«ncn¡p¶p.klhÀ¯nXz ¢mkvapdnbn hnebncp¯Â F¶Xv ]TnXmhv F´mtWm ]Tnt¡Xv AXv ]Tn¨pthm F¶pw ]T\X{´¯nsâ Imcy£aXbpw,D¸¶§fptSbpw,Xocpam\§fptSbpw KpWta·bpw,{]hÀ¯\§fn D]tbmKn¨ hkvXp¡fpsS D]tbmK £aXbpw ]cntimZn¡pIbpw,{]kvXpX taJe hopw ]Tnt¡Xptm Ds¦n F§ns\ F¶v Xocpam\nt¡XpamW.
kzbw hnebncp¯Â ]Tn¡p¶Xn\pÅ kzm`mhnI kvYeamW klhÀ¯nXz ¢mkv apdn. klhÀ¯nXz ¢mkv apdnbnse ]ckv]c {]hÀ¯\w
FÃm klhÀ¯nXz ¢mkvapdnbpw Bibhn\nab¯m k¼¶amW.Bibhn\nab¯n\mbn klhÀ¯nXz ¢mkv apdnbnep]tbmKn¡p¶ kw hmZw s]mXphmb Nn´m{]{Inbív IÄsamcp¡p¶p.A[ym]vIcpsS {][m\ tPmen Cu ]TnXm¡Ä¡nSbn kw hmZw \ne\nÀ¯pI F¶XmW.]TnXm¡Ä {]iv\]cnlmc amÀ¤§Ä NÀ¨sN¿pIbpw ImcW§Ä hniZoIcn¡pIbpw X§fpsS {]hÀ¯§sf \ymboIcn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.Hcp ]TnXmhnsâ bpàn Nn´mcoXn a\Ênem¡p¶Xv aÁp ]TnXm¡sf hyXykvX hymJym\¯m ]cnKWn¡m³ t{]cn¸n¡p¶p.CXv ]TnXm¡sf X§fpsS Nn´mcoXn ]p\:]cntim[\ív hnt[bam¡m³ t{]cn¸n¡p¶p.GsX¦nepw Hcp ]TnXmhn\ Hcp {]bmkapÅ {]iv\w ]cnlcn¡p¶Xn\pÅ DÄ¡mgvN Ds¦n , B kwL¯nse aÁwK§Ä ]pXnsbmcp Nn´mX{´w F§s\ D]tbmKn¡Wsa¶v hfsc Ffp¸¯n ]Tn¡p¶p.Xv\vaqew ]ckv]c{]hÀ¯³¯nteÀs¸Sp¶ ]TnXm¡Ä kzX{´ambn {]hÀ¯n¨v t\Shp¶Xnt\¡mÄ hfsctbsd t\«§Ä krãn¡p¶p.
Dr. Santhosh Areekkuzhiyil
Asst. Professor,
Govt. College of Teacher Education, Thalassery
9447847053
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